Which of the following options lists the default namespaces in a standard Kubernetes installation?

• A. default, kube-system, kube-public, kube-edge
• B. default, kube-system, kube-public, kube-standby
• C. default, kube-public, kube-system, kube-node-lease
• D. default, kube-public, kube-system, kube-standby

Answer: (C)

In Kubernetes, namespaces provide isolation and a scoped view of resources. A standard cluster has three core default namespaces: default for user workloads, kube-system for system components, and kube-public which is readable publicly. In modern installations, a fourth namespace, kube-node-lease, is created to store node lease objects used for node heartbeats. So, the set that lists the default namespaces includes default, kube-public, kube-system, and kube-node-lease. The other options introduce nondefault or nonstandard namespaces, such as kube-edge or kube-standby, which aren’t part of a typical installation.